18 Rules for a Solid Application Resume

Your application resume is usually the first opportunity admissions readers have to get to know you, your experience, and your skills. Because of the number of other application components they need to review (both yours and those belonging to the thousands of other applicants), most adcom readers will only give your resume a quick 15-second glance before moving on to the next thing on their checklist. Not only do you have to make a great first impression – you have to do it fast! Fortunately, there are many ways to craft an application resume that strategically highlights your skills and makes you and your qualifications stand out from the crowd. The following do’s and don’ts will help you develop a dynamic, powerful resume that will enable you to sail through the adcom’s initial 15-second screening process and earn your outstanding qualifications the closer look they deserve. 9 Application Resume Do’s Make sure that your application resume follows these 9 tips: Place your strongest material in the 2-inch visual space that begins about 2 5/8 inches from the top of your resume. Make sure you include your most impressive, impactful achievements and qualifications in this â€Å"primetime† space. It’s where the reader’s eyes will focus first. Use a professional profile or qualifications section in your resume’s primetime space. This will give the adcom readers a quick but concrete capsule of your achievements and skills. Write this section when the rest of your resume is complete and you’ve already decided what your strongest qualifications are. Give the most weight to your most recent professional position. The section of the resume for your most recent position should contain more bulleted accomplishments than your previous positions. For each position, rank the accomplishments in order of decreasing relevance to the employer you are targeting. Quantify your impact on the organizations you have worked for. If you reduced expenses, say by how much or by what percentage. If you supervised a project, say how many were on your team. Always ask yourself how you helped the organization, and insert the numbers that demonstrate that impact. Pay as much attention to your resume’s design as you do to its content. Use bullets or other appropriate symbols, insert rules (horizontal lines) to separate major sections, and use a 10-to-12-point conservative typeface for the body text of the resume. Aim for 1-inch side margins and slightly smaller top and bottom margins. (If your target school specifies these guidelines, make sure you adhere to their specific requests.) Include publications, patents, presentations, honors, relevant volunteer experiences, and professional licenses or certifications in your resume. These â€Å"extras† can sometimes be the factor that piques their attention and makes them eager to read the other components of your application. (If you’re applying for certain degrees – such as any research degree – your publications and research experiences are not â€Å"extras† at all, but a key part of the document.) Edit and proofread mercilessly. Edit your resume to reduce fluff and make every word count. Set your resume aside for a few days and then come back to it again with â€Å"fresh eyes.† Misspelled words and grammatical mistakes are the proverbial kiss of death in a resume. Eliminate them. Place your education after your experience. Do this if you’ve been in the workforce for more than five years. If the degree you earned is the most relevant or impressive detail of your education section, highlight it. If the school you attended is the selling point, emphasize it. Use a two-page resume if appropriate. Two-page resumes are fine (and in some cases, preferable) if you’ve been in the workforce for about ten years or more or have particularly impressive work experience. Depending on your field and the degree you’re targeting, you may have a longer CV with a detailed list of publications, etc. (Once again, if your target school puts a limit on the page count, go by their rules, not ours.) 9 Application Resume Don’ts Here are 9 things you should absolutely NOT do in your resume: Don’t make things up! This includes inflating your accomplishments, level of responsibility, or skills. Don’t confuse your resume with your autobiography. While there are many pieces of information that your resume must have, its primary purpose is to focus on the aspects of your life and career that address the employer’s needs. You’ll have the rest of your application to highlight your life’s most important stories. Don’t use pronouns (â€Å"I†) or articles (â€Å"a† or â€Å"the†). They detract from the force of your accomplishments, slow down the reader, and take up precious space. Don’t provide personal data. Marital status, date of birth, height/weight, and similar non-work-related information can be used to illegally discriminate against applicants, and they rarely add anything of value to your qualifications. Don’t repeat the same action words throughout the resume. Instead of using the verb developed or led over and over, pull out your thesaurus and mix in terms like accelerated, delivered, directed, established, initiated, or reengineered. Don’t leave out dates. Even if you choose the functional resume format to minimize frequent job changes or lack of experience, include your dates of employment somewhere on your resume (usually at the end). Don’t use more detail than you need to convey your accomplishments. Dense, paragraph-sized bullet points make for tough reading. A good rule of thumb is to limit each bullet to one to two lines of text with three to five accomplishments for each position. Don’t use clichà ©s like dynamic or self-starting. Let the details of your resume convince the adcom reader that you have these qualities. Don’t make your resume a list of your job duties. Instead, make it a list of your accomplishments! Weave your job responsibilities into your descriptions of your accomplishments. Do you need help putting together a stand-out resume? Or do you have a professional resume and need help transforming it into one suitable to send in with your application? Browse our Admissions Resume Services and work one-on-one with an expert advisor who will help you create a resume that will get you noticed by the adcom at your target graduate program. For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to top undergraduate and graduate programs. Our expert team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, PhDs, and professional writers who have advised clients to acceptance at top programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Yale, Princeton, Penn, Columbia, Oxford, Cambridge, INSEAD, MIT, Caltech, UC Berkeley, and Northwestern. Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Fitting In Standing Out: The Paradox at the Heart of Admissions, a free guide †¢Ã‚  6 Fatal Resume Flaws to Avoid †¢ How to Write the Qualifications Summary for Your Resume

Marcus Brutus The Tragic Hero Of Julius Ceasar - 972 Words

â€Å"A man cannot become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.†(Aristotle). It should be noted that the Heroes downfall is his own fault as a result of his own free will, At times his death is seen as a waste of human potential. His death usually is not a pure loss, because it results in greater knowledge and awareness. In Julius Ceasar, William Shakespeare develops Marcus Brutus as the Tragic Hero whose ambition and naivety in his blind confidence in the nobility of man sparked guidance in a series of events which inevitably forced him to succumb to self destruction. First and foremost Brutus is the Tragic Hero of the play as has been said. Now with the title of Tragic hero comes a weakness, a tragic flaw in the characters†¦show more content†¦Now my final point in the showing of the naivety of dear Brutus is how he allows Antony to speak in Caesars funeral. He trusts that Antony will not speak ill of the conspirators and will only speak as a friend to Ceasar and give a eulogy of him. For he says, â€Å"That’s all I seek; †¦/And in the pulpit, as becomes a friend/ Speak in order of his funeral.†(Antony 3.1).Brutus takes Antony’s word that he will not turn up insurrection against the conspirators for he believes all men a honest and noble. As we know Antony is not true to what he says and turns the tides against the conspirators and sparks anarchy in Rome. This all due to his tragic flaw which will lead to his death. Shakespeare developed Marcus Brutus as the Tragic Hero whose ambition and naivety in his blind confidence in the nobility of man sparked guidance in a series of events which inevitably had him destroy himself. Perhaps Shakespeare is trying to give a lesson to those that view or read this play. It may be that he is telling us how our flaws if not watched and cared for may lead us on the wrong path of life and have us do things we never thought we were capable of in the sense of wrongdoing. Maybe he is saying that we may all have the potential to be our own tragic heroes in the play that we know as life. With that being said we would have a tragic flaw that would lead to anguish, demise and or death. In fact Brutus the Tragic hero of the play ended his life on the count of his flaws. HisShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance and It’s Affect on William Shakespeare’s Works2369 Words   |  10 Pages2004). One of Shakespeare’s most famous plays, Julius Caesar, believed to b e written in 1599 (Shakespeare, 1998), was based off of the work of Plutarch, a Greek historian, biographer and essayist. Plutarch documented the lives of over 46 notable Greeks and Romans (Blackburn, 2008). Although Shakespeare found use for most of the material through his several Roman plays, for Julius Caesar he focused on Plutarch’s Life of Julius Caesar and Marcus Brutus (Mabillard, 2000). Coriolanus, one of Shakespeares

Piaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development - 1385 Words

Abstract In this paper, Piaget’s Stages of cognitive development will be briefly explained, and I will explain where my cousin, Laura, is according to these stages. The real names of people discussed in this paper have been protected by not using their real names, so their personal information is confidential. My fifteen year old cousin Laura has been through many changes, and I have watched the rapid transformation in her personality, attitude, and way of thinking all in the past few years. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development According to Developmental Psychologist Jean Piaget, there are four stages of development. A child’s mind develops through a series of stages (Myers, 2010, p.174). The first stage is the sensorimotor. From birth to about two years old, children experience the world through senses and actions such as looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping (Myers, 2010, p.175). Babies live in the present because every little thing that happens and every little thing they experience makes a huge impact on their learning and development. The second stage is the preoperational. In this stage, from about two to seven years old, children represent things with words and images, and use intuitive rather than logical reasoning. This is where egocentrism comes in, and Piaget described this as the children having difficulty perceiving things from another’s point of view. The third stage of development is the concrete-operational. From aboutShow MoreRelatedPiaget s Stages Of Cognitive D evelopment1072 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology concepts including Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, psychoactive drugs, and dreams. The first concept that I can relate to is Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. Jean Piaget came up with this concept about how a child’s brain develops throughout their life. There are four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The two stages I can specifically relate to are the sensorimotor and preoperational stages. I have a three year old cousin whoRead MorePiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development930 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cognitive Development theory refers to the ability to learn through thinking and reasoning. Theorist Jean Piaget developed the stages of cognitive development according to age and how individuals learn through their environment and senses. Based on Education.com: Stages of Cognitive Development (Driscoll/Nagel ,2008), these stages are from infant to teenage years with specific abilities. The first stage of Piaget’s stages of development is called Sensorimotor, which starts at birth to tw o yearsRead MorePiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development885 Words   |  4 PagesPiaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget was born on August 8th, 1896 in Switzerland. He was a very bright student, who had his PhD by the age of twenty-two. Piaget studied child psychology and concrete operations which lead to his theory of the four stages of cognitive development. These stages are still used now in preschool and elementary grade set-ups. The first stage in his theory is the sensorimotor stage which last roughly from birth to about two years of age. This stage actuallyRead MorePiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesJean Piaget developed a cognitive approach to studying and classifying behavioral growth in stages. He believed that each child matured and learned at a different rate, so even though children mature in the same cognitive sequence, there might be separation in the achievement of each level from one child to the next (Swartwood, 2012, p. 46). Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development are Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational (Swartwood, 2012, p. 49). PiagetRead MorePiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development Theory900 Words   |  4 PagesThe cognitive development theory refers to the ability to learn through thinking and reasoning. Theorist Jean Piaget developed the stages of cognitive developmental according to age and how individuals learn through their environment and senses. These stages are from infant to teenage years. The first stage of Piaget’s Stages of Development is called Sensorimotor, which are ages 0-2. It describes how babies learn through their environment. The Next stages is preoperational for ages two through sevenRead MorePiaget s Four Stages Of Cognitive Development1600 Words   |  7 PagesThought-out the course of this year we have looked at the biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional theories of the human life span from infancy to late adulthood. The biological aspect of life span focused on the physical changes of humans. There are phy sical changes that have to occur before a baby form in the fetus and then is born to this world. Through-out our life, the physical changes occur constantly till death and even more. There is no psychologist during the whole chapter that focusesRead MoreCritically Evaluate Piaget s Stage Theory Of Cognitive Development1605 Words   |  7 Pagesevaluate Piaget’s stage theory of cognitive development Jean Piaget’s (1896-1980) theory of cognitive development is considered of significant importance and use, so much so, there has been considerable research to test his theories, but also, to refute his claims. Despite numerous objections to Piaget’s findings, I will maintain that Piaget’s stage theory of cognitive development is continuously influential in contemporary psychology. I will briefly outline and explain Piaget’s four stages and due toRead MorePiaget s Stage Theory Account For Children s Cognitive Development1759 Words   |  8 PagesHow well does Piaget’s stage theory account for children’s cognitive development? Intro Piaget believed there were four stages in a child’s cognitive development and sub stages within these stages. These stages have been the object of debate since Piaget introduced them and are still continuously debated. All of the stages are very concrete and large scale. They don’t account for children at a particular age who are behind or ahead. Piaget underestimated the capability of children to do particularRead MorePiaget s Eight Stages Of Development And Vygotsky s Theory On Cognitive Development Essay2193 Words   |  9 Pagesthat happens is just apart of life. Two theories that I would like to focus on that I believe have had the biggest impact in my life are, Erikson’s eight stages of development and Vygotsky’s theory on cognitive development. Erikson’s theory is based off of 8 stages ranging from ages â€Å"zero† (birth); where we learn to either trust our caregiver(s) or we develop mistrust where we may become suspicious or anxious. Up until death, where we end with integrity vs. despair; where we either we either fullyRead MoreThe First Stage Of Jean Piaget s Cognitive Development982 Words   |  4 PagesThe first stage of Jean Piaget’s Cognitive development is the Sensorimotor Period. This stage is the earliest of cognitive growth. The Sensorimotor stage happen within the first two years of a child’s life. During this stage children are only aware of what is in front of them. They primarily focus what is in their possession at the moment, what they can get into, and their physical environme nt. When I was a child I went throw the process of the sensorimotor stage. My mom said when I was four months

Analysis Of Citizen Kane Essay Example For Students

Analysis Of Citizen Kane Essay The classic masterpiece, Citizen Kane (1941), is probably the worlds most famous and highly rated film, with its many remarkable scenes, cinematic and narrative techniques and innovations. The director, star, and producer were all the same individual Orson Welles (in his film debut at age 25), who collaborated with Herman J. Mankiewicz on the script and with Gregg Toland as cinematographer. Within the maze of its own aesthetic, Citizen Kane develops two interesting themes. The first concerns the debasement of the private personality of the public figure, and the second deals with the crushing weight of materialism. Taken together, these two themes comprise the bitter irony of an American success story that ends in futile nostalgia, loneliness, and death. The fact that the personal theme is developed verbally through the characters while the materialistic theme is developed visually, creating a distinctive stylistic counterpoint. It is against the counterpoint that the themes unfold within the structure of a mystery story. Its theme is told from several perspectives by several different characters and is thought provoking. The tragic story is how a millionaire newspaperman, who idealistically made his reputation as the champion of the underprivileged, becomes corrupted by a lust for wealth, power and immortality. Kanes tragedy lies in his inability to experience any real emotion in his human relationships. The apparent intellectual superficiality of Citizen Kane can be traced to the shallow quality of Kane himself. Even when Kane is seen as a crusading journalist battling for the lower classes, overtones of self-idolatry mar his actions. His clever ironies are more those of the exhibitionist than the crusader. His second wife complains that Kane never gave her anything that was part of him, only material possessions that he might give a dog. His best friend, Jedediah Leland, was a detached observer functioning as a sublimated conscience remarks to the reporter that Kane never gave anything away: he lef t you a tip. In each case, Kanes character is described in materialistic terms. What Kane wanted love, emotional loyalty, the unspoiled world of his boyhood, symbolized by rosebud, he was unable to provide for those around him, or buy for himself. The intriguing opening is filled with hypnotic dissolves from one sinister, mysterious image to the next, moving forward closer and closer. The films first sight is a No Trespassing sign hanging on a giant gate in the nights foggy mist, illuminated by the moonlight. The camera pans up the chain-link mesh gate, which dissolves and changes into images of great iron flowers or oak leaves on the heavy gate. On the crest of the gate is a single, silhouetted, wrought iron K initial. The gate surrounds a distant, forbidding-looking castle with towers. The fairy-tale castle is situated on a man-made mountain, obviously the estate of a wealthy man. The same shots are repeated in reverse at the very end of the film. The initial and concluding clash of realism and expressionism suggests in a subtle way, the theme of Citizen Kane. The intense material reality of the fence dissolves into the fantastic unreality of the castle, and in the end, the mystic pretension of the castle dissolves into the mundane substance of the fence. Matter has come full circle from its original quality to the grotesque baroque of its excess. As each flashback unfolds, the visual scenario of Citizen Kane orchestrates the dialogue. A universe of ceilings dwarfs Kanes personal stature. He becomes the prisoner of his possessions, the ornament of his furnishings, and the fiscal instrument of his collections. His booming voice is muffled by walls, carpets, furniture, hallways, stairs the vast recesses of useless space. .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270 , .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270 .postImageUrl , .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270 , .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270:hover , .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270:visited , .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270:active { border:0!important; } .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270:active , .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270 .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ued82fc1d2db8e88e398bf6679a483270:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Most people are familiar with the Standard Configu EssayGregg Tolands camera set-ups are designed to frame characters in the oblique angles of light and shadow created by their artificial environment. There are no luminous close-ups in which faces are detached from their backgrounds. When characters move across rooms, the floors and ceilings move with them. This technique which is highly unusual, tends to dehumanize characters by reducing them to fixed ornaments in a shifting architecture. The choice of camera position was an important factor in getting across artistic and psychological effects. To the photograph a person or object from below, distorts that object. It tends to elongate a person, making him seem more important. It also intimidates the audience, since it is in the inferior position of looking up. The scene gives an added power to the person on the screen. Kane is indeed bloated and enlarged by his material possessions, and in comparison, the audience feels very small. Yet it is precisely his excessiveness, which has distorted him and made him grotesque to our sensibilities. Kane is a selfish, greedy man, and his actions have distorted his life and appearance. The movie is a visual masterpiece, a kaleidoscope of daring angles and breathtaking images that had never been attempted before. Toland perfected a deep-focus technique that allowed him to photograph backgrounds with as much clarity as foregrounds. Such as the scene where Kanes parents discuss his future while, as seen through the window, the child plays outside in the snow. Theres also an extremely effective low-angle shot late in the film where Kane trashes Susans room. Sound montage is used extensively with the flashback scenes to denote the interval of time within related scenes. A character will begin a sentence and complete it weeks, months, or years later in a different location. On occasion, one character will begin the sentence and another will complete it in the same manner. This sound thread results in a constriction of time and an elimination of transitional periods of rest and calm. Aside from the aesthetic dividends of pacing and high lighting, Citizen Kanes sound monta ge reinforces the unnatural tension of the central characters driving, joyless ambition. One brilliant use of sound montage, is when Kane and his wife are arguing in a tent surrounded by hundreds of Kanes guests. A shrill scream punctuates the argument with a persistent, sensual rhythm. It is clear that some sexual outrage is being committed. When the parakeet screams at the appearance of Kane, the sound linkage in tone but not in time, further dehumanizes Kanes environment. In the baroque world that he had created, Kane is isolated from even the most dubious form of humanity. In all respects, the techniques used in Citizen Kane are a reflection and projection of the inhuman quality of its protagonist. In the way the techniques are used to distort and magnify the characters in the film, we understand what the film is trying to get across. Citizen Kane represents an intense vision of American life, a life in which materialistic elements are distorted and magnified at the expense of human potentialities. The implied absence of free will in the development of Kanes character is thematically constant with the moral climate of his environment. As the techniques used have not been limited in form, so too, Kanes magnitude unchecked by limiting principles or rooted traditions, become the cause of spiritual.

Information Systems Security

Introduction With increased digitization of most organizational processes, there is a growing need to protect information and prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information. Many companies have fallen prey to hackers and other people who have malicious intentions. Notably, the US government, JTX and other companies around the world have had their information stolen through security breaches (Whitman, 2010, p. 455).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many more companies like MasterCard are operating under endless threats on their information security systems (Whitman, 2010). There is therefore a strong need to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access and more importantly, there is a strong need to prevent unauthorized physical access to secure areas. In light of the above observations, this paper seeks to identify and analyze any potent ial vulnerabilities of an information security system for a local pharmacy. The security information system for the pharmacy requires a combination of both physical and logical access controls that are meant to protect money and goods (pharmaceutical products) from theft. Tasked with the duty of identifying inherent risks associated with this business, this paper establishes physical and logical controls that mitigate the risks identified. Potential Physical Vulnerabilities and Threats Physical vulnerabilities and threats may occur in different ways. Genser (2010) observes that many organizations often overlook physical vulnerabilities and threats as important components of security breaches. Threats caused by acts of nature are the most common forms of physical vulnerabilities and threats. Indeed, like many organizations or businesses in the town, the pharmacy is subject to extreme acts of nature which can potentially lead to the loss and damage of equipment (Deswarte, 2004). The r anges of disasters that can affect the organization include lightning, earthquakes, or even tornadoes. Often, when such disasters strike, there is a resultant significant financial loss. However, within this loss perception is the threat of losing or damaging vital information. This analogy is true because information is normally stored in physical devices such as computers, compact disks and other forms of digital storage. These devices are not immune to physical vulnerabilities and damages. The ranges of environmental conditions that may cause their malfunction vary from excessive heat, too much humidity or even damages that result from water contamination. Different acts of nature can cause many of the above environmental conditions (Deswarte, 2004). Lastly, considering the pharmacy is located in a busy shopping mall, there are several environmental threats (specific to the mall), which pose different physical vulnerabilities. Certain building malfunctions such as power outages o r poor maintenance of building infrastructure, such as, water pipes and power lines may increase the pharmacy’s vulnerability to physical threats.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These vulnerabilities may lead to power outages or water leaking from the ceiling, thereby causing damage to equipment. Some of these vulnerabilities may also cause hardware failure (Deswarte, 2004). Logical Vulnerabilities and Threats That Require Consideration The most common logical vulnerabilities and threats that pose a danger to the pharmacy are caused by acts of man. These threats can be caused by errors of omission or commission, but they may equally be caused by third parties who may have an ulterior motive on the organization. For example, a member of staff may fail to include important information in the company records, thereby causing a malfunction in the data system. Similarly, a member of staff may key-in wrong figures in the company’s financial system, thereby misrepresenting the company’s true financial information. For the pharmacy, such vulnerabilities and threats exist. The ignorance of power-on passwords and the loss or malfunction of tracking devices to recover stolen equipments also contribute to the organization’s logical vulnerabilities (Walsh, 2012). Other vulnerabilities (associated with the threat of introducing malicious codes) are the lack of regular updates to the antivirus software and the easy access to administrator privileges, such that, users can easily access the system and turn off the antivirus software. Other logical vulnerabilities may also be caused by the failure to set up proper physical controls to prevent the entry of unauthorized personnel in secure business areas. For example, if all employees are allowed to access the company’s main system hub, users may gain entry into the company’s sys tems and create a security breach. The failure to secure highly confidential information through passwords may also exaggerate the level of threats that logical vulnerabilities may have on the organization (Walsh, 2012). Similarly, if the passwords are not highly confidential, unauthorized personnel may know such vital codes and use them to gain access into the company’s systems. From the list of possible threats and vulnerabilities identified above, we can see that people who pose a threat to the organization transcend the conventional perception of thieves and hackers. Employees and visitors (who enjoy organizational trust) can also pose a threat to the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Potential Impact of All Identified Physical Vulnerabilities The potential impact of all the identified physical vulnerabilities above is enormous. Perhaps, the most visible impact is financial losses that may accrue from damages to the organization’s equipment. These costs may be realized from replacing such equipments or investing in more stringent security measures to reinforce the premises to avoid any physical damage. Other financial costs may arise from lawsuits or even of the loss of vital information entrusted to the organization. For example, being an agent of the healthcare business, confidentiality is highly important for the pharmacy. However, because of the occurrence of physical threats, such information may be lost, damaged or leaked. Such an eventuality may prove to be disastrous for the business. Many organizations that often fall prey to severe physical threats experience significant setbacks in operations (financially). Some are even forced to close down business (Walsh, 2012). Another potential impact of the physical vulnerabilities identified above is poor organizational performance (Dorantes, 2006, p. 13). Any of the physical vulnerabilities identified above can cause this impact. For example, if the pharmacy is affected by damage to its physical structures, it cannot operate efficiently. Say, some of the equipments used to run the company’s operations were destroyed by a water leak (from the roof) and the organization lost records of the previous week’s operations, or a list of its most important contacts (such as suppliers). It would be extremely difficult for the organization to operate efficiently under such conditions. Comprehensively, the overall organizational performance would reduce (Dorantes, 2006). Potential Vulnerabilities That May Exist In the Documented Network The documented network is an important component to pharmacy’s operations. It contains different pieces of information which are important to the functions of the business. Meghanathan (2010) explains that the documented network may contain information such as the organization’ s IP address, or even its hardware configuration. The documented framework is prone to different security vulnerabilities. Worker incompetence is one such vulnerability because unqualified workers are likely to cause many errors to different processes in the documented framework. For example, the documented framework needs regular maintenance processes which need to be undertaken by qualified personnel.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Similarly, qualified personnel should be able to troubleshoot any problems associated with the network without much difficulty (Meghanathan, 2010). However, if the personnel employed do not know how to conduct or oversee such activities effectively, the reliability of the documented framework may be flawed. The failure to regularly update the documented framework is also another basis of vulnerability which needs to be regularly checked. The documented framework works through an ever-changing system which is informed by the changing activities in the operating environment. For example, the pharmacy engages in different activities (which change by the day) and therefore they need to be updated regularly to the documented network. The failure to update the changing variables in the security system poses a threat to the reliability or even the validity of information provided by the network (Meghanathan, 2010). Potential Impact of All Identified Logical Vulnerabilities to the Network a nd the Pharmacy The impact of the previously mentioned logical vulnerabilities stretches far and wide (throughout the organization’s operations). Many of the logical vulnerabilities identified in this paper center on human failures to protect the system. One possible impact of the logical vulnerabilities identified in this paper is time-wastage. An organization’s time is precious and most of it should be used to improve the operations of the business as opposed undertaking activities which do not profit the organization. The failure to prevent unauthorized access to administrator privileges or the failure to regularly update the antivirus software can lead to a lot of time wastages if an attack occurs. For example, if there is a security breach and vital information is stolen, an organization may spend a lot of time trying to recover information at the expense of improving the organization’s performance. Therefore, the activities of an organization can be interf ered in this regard and a lot of time wasted (Whitman, 2010). The failure to regularly update antivirus softwares can also severely affect the functionality of the pharmacy’s system (if it is not detected in good time). This oversight can also lead to the spread of new and dangerous elements to the organization’s systems including dangerous softwares, Trojan horses, or even viruses. These malicious codes may destroy or alter systems, including electronic protected health information (ePHI). These security threats are real and they may pose a severe danger to the functionality of the systems (Whitman, 2010). Finally, this paper identifies errors of omission and commission as possible elements contributing to logical vulnerabilities. Similarly, this paper identifies the lack of physical safeguards to prevent unauthorized personnel as another element contributing to logical vulnerabilities. These logical vulnerabilities may lead to the loss of trust in an organization (Wh itman, 2010). Many organizations operate on the basis of a shared trust with not only their customers but other stakeholders as well. For example, if a bank is prone to information security breaches, customers may lose confidence in it and decide to bank their money elsewhere (because of fear of loss). A pharmaceutical company also suffers the same risk. Any of the identified logical vulnerabilities can result in such an impact. However, the impact is more severe if information security breaches happen frequently. In addition, considering the fact that the nature of the pharmacy’s operations is sensitive (health-related), the impact of a security breach may be disastrous if not life-threatening. Indeed, a security compromise of the organizational operations may have a far-reaching impact on the activities of the organization and the health of everybody who depends on it (Tipton, 2011). Dealing with the Risks (Physical Vulnerabilities and Threats) So far, we have seen that act s of nature and environmental threats (which may be caused by the location of the pharmacy in the shopping mall) constitute the most notable physical vulnerabilities and threats to the pharmacy. To deal with the risks caused by acts of nature, secondary data storage devices need to be used to back up any data that may be lost because of the destruction of equipment. These secondary data storage devices should not be stored near the pharmacy because if an act of nature occurs, they may be destroyed alongside the store’s equipment. Preferably, it would be wise to use cloud computing services to store such data because it is safer this way. The destroyed equipment can later be replaced and the stored data reinstated back to the systems (Whitman, 2010). Dealing with environmental risks arising from the operations of the shopping mall is however a tricky affair. The pharmacy may not have direct control over maintenance services in the mall and therefore, it is highly vulnerable to different security threats such as loss of power or water leaks. To deal with the risk of power outages, it is important for the pharmacy to have a backup power system. Similarly, it is important for the pharmacy to undertake further renovation to its premises so that it can prevent the contamination of its equipment from water leaks and similar risks. Preferably, it would be better to locate its technology equipment in a tamper-proof room (Whitman, 2010). Dealing with the Risks (Logical Vulnerabilities and Threats) Different logical vulnerabilities and threats have been identified to pose a risk to the security of the pharmacy’s information systems. The threats identified are equipment theft, loss of information and the launch of malicious codes on the pharmacy’s data network. Consequently, we have also established that these risks pose different vulnerabilities. The vulnerabilities associated with theft or losses are the failure to use power-on passwords and the los s or malfunction of tracking devices to recover stolen equipments. The second groups of vulnerabilities (associated with the threat of malicious codes) are the lack of regular updates to the antivirus software and the easy access to administrator privileges so that users can easily access the system and turn off the antivirus software. These vulnerabilities can be managed differently. Dealing with such logical vulnerabilities and threats is difficult. However, insuring against such risks is a practical strategy that can be adopted by the pharmacy to deal with such risks. This measure may be unpopular among most organizations but it is informed by the fact that it is difficult to completely eliminate all logical vulnerabilities or threats. This measure also works to protect the pharmacy against all the logical risks and vulnerabilities identified (Whitman, 2010). Controls (Logical Vulnerabilities and Threats) Administrative To mitigate the probability of workers making errors, strict supervision should be given to employees who have direct access to the system. This way, workers would be more careful while using the system. In addition, to prevent the theft of equipment and the unauthorized access to the pharmacy’s equipments (data) a security guard should be placed at the entrance of the room having all the equipments. Preventive To protect the pharmacy’s vulnerability against unauthorized access to data, file encryption tools can be used (Walsh, 2012, p. 17). File encryption is an effective way of protecting stored data. This security control will also protect the organization against the threat of accessing data from stolen equipment. Detective To prevent the unauthorized access of users to the organization’s information, procedures for auditing users can be introduced to the pharmacy’s systems so that unauthorized users are easily detected. In fact, this security control should be launched alongside another security control that lock’s out a user’s account once it is detected that the user makes five (or so) unsuccessful log in attempts (Walsh, 2012, p. 17). To detect the theft of equipment, CCTV cameras should be installed in the premises and finally, to detect any human errors on the company’s systems, regular checkups should be done to verify that all the information is accurate. Corrective As a corrective measure against the theft of equipment, a tracking device can be installed in all equipments so that they are easily traceable. To correct errors of omission on the company’s financial books, a contingency fund should be established. Finally, to correct security breaches, the information stolen should be changed immediately so that it cannot be used against the organization. Controls (Physical Vulnerabilities and Threats) Administrative To control physical threats caused by acts of nature, it is important to have a risk management plan to minimize the effects of such risks o ccurring. Indeed, it is impossible to prevent acts of nature from occurring but the pharmacy should have a risk management plan stipulating what needs to be done in the event that such risks occur (Christoffersen, 2011). The risk management plan will change the entire business paradigm to make the pharmacy operate in a â€Å"risk-aware† way. As opposed to limiting the activities of the organization, the risk management plan will enable the organization to operate in an effective way while still being able to protect is infrastructure and property. This security control also protects the pharmacy against other physical vulnerabilities and threats caused by its environment. Preventive A preventive measure that can be taken to protect the pharmacy against the impending physical threats and vulnerabilities is to reinforce its structural framework so that it cannot be severely affected by acts of nature or the complementary environmental risks Detective Detecting the physical thre ats and vulnerabilities discussed in this study is difficult. However, the pharmacy can rely on scientific tools such as environmental forecasts (for acts of nature) and any breakages or cracks to the infrastructure of the building to pre-empt any disasters (or environmental threats) (Christoffersen, 2011). Corrective As a corrective measure, the pharmacy can have a standby team to repair any physical damages made to the building (to correct environmental threats). Similarly, the pharmacy can have a contingency fund to finance the replacement of its equipment if any damages are realized (Christoffersen, 2011). Conclusion Different risks and vulnerabilities surround the activities of the pharmacy. However, the key to deal with such risks and vulnerabilities is to pre-empt them. This paper provides a guideline of the risk controls and measures that may be taken to achieve this outcome. The main success factor for this entire process however lies in the proper implementation of these p lans. Through such plans, the pharmacy can operate in an optimum way but completely aware of the risks surrounding its operations. References Christoffersen, P. (2011). Elements of Financial Risk Management. London: Academic Press. Deswarte, Y. (2004). Security and Protection in Information Processing Systems: IFIP 18th World Computer Congress : TC11 19th International Information Security Conference, 22-27 August 2004, Toulouse, France. New York: Springer. Dorantes, C. (2006). The Impact of Information Security Breaches On Financial Performance of the Breached Firms: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Information Technology Management, 17(2), 13-20. Genser, M. (2010). Trustwave Launches Physical Security Testing. Web. Meghanathan, N. (2010). Recent Trends in Network Security and Applications: Third International Conference, Cnsa 2010, Chennai, India, July 23-25, 2010 Proceedings. New York: Springer. Tipton, H. (2011). Information Security Management Handbook. London: CRC Press. Walsh, T. (2012). Security Risk Analysis and Management: An Overview (Updated). Web. Whitman, M. (2010). Management of Information Security. London: Cengage Learning. This essay on Information Systems Security was written and submitted by user Eli Reyes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Essay Example

Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Essay Example Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Paper Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Paper Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Nemo Outdoor User Training Course Contents Nemo Outdoor introduction Installation of Nemo Outdoor Nemo Outdoor configuration Introduction to Graphical User Interface Features of Nemo Outdoor Nemo Outdoor Introduction Nemo Outdoorâ„ ¢ 5 currently supporting measurements on WiMAX, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, LTE, TD-SCDMA, UMA, CDMA2000, 1xEV-DO, TETRA, cdmaOne, GSM, GPRS, EDGE, DVB-H and WCDMA networks. Nemo Outdoor’s powerful platform is expandable beyond current trends to those of the future, and all of this materializes on one single platform. With Nemo Outdoor you can perform not only drive testing but also QoS and benchmarking (Supporting up to 6 UE simultaneous connection) measurements. Nemo Outdoor’s flexibility further manifests itself in its open log file format which enables the customer to integrate in its optimization processes the use of not only the upscale Anite’s postprocessing tool Nemo Analyzeâ„ ¢, but also those of third-party vendors. Nemo Outdoor supports more than 120 test terminals and scanning receivers. (Eg: Nokia N96, N612x, Qualcomm based Handset and Datacard (Huawei E270, Sierra Wireless Aircard 880, Option Globetrotter HSPA etc) and Scanner (DTI Ex Scanner, Anritsu ML8720 etc)) Nemo Outdoor Highlights I Data collecting all measurement data is recorded on the hard disk while measurements are carried out Real-time graphical presentation and mapping provide straightforward view of the measurement process Provides multiple measurement modes suitable for different purposes Instant Playback feature gives the opportunity to have a quick review of the measurement on the field after collecting data User-friendly menus follow the standard Windows ® Graphical User Interface + audio and bitmap notifications for user-selectable events. Nemo Outdoor Highlights II Nemo Handy binary files (. nbl) can be opened directly via Nemo Outdoor user interface. No need for separate conversion. Nemo File Manager application must be installed in the same computer. Applies only with the file format 2. 0 or higher Support for exporting data to MapInfo format Measurement list can be used without a script file Nemo Outdoor Highlights III Windows Vista/Windows 7 Support With the initial Nemo Outdoor 5 release some of the features are not supported with the Windows Vista operating system due to limitations in the operating system itself. The following parameters and features are not supported: (Please see Release Notes for more information. ) Nemo Outdoor Highlights IV New voice quality parameters Support for WAP content description parameters MMS testing support for Qualcomm-based CDMA terminal SMS testing support for Qualcomm-based CDMA terminal Missing neighbor detection for CDMA Support for new chip window searches with PCTel EVDO scanner Support for sampling ratio configuration with PCTel EX scanners Support for GSM SI and UMTS SIB message decoding with Anritsu and PcTel EX scanners – Support for neighbor list decoding with scanners – Support for missing neighbor detection with scanner only Support for UMTS wideband AMR codec information (Nokia N96) Support for RLC DL block counts with GPRS/EDGE Support for C/I and RX level values per GSM hopping channel with Qualcomm Support for C/I value per GPRS timeslot with Qualcomm Support for BEP measurements with Qualcomm Support for longer audio sample files with USB-based voice quality MMS content location from MMS notification should be stored to the MSGA measurement event Ping rate configuration in milliseconds Installation of Nemo Outdoor Computer Requirements Nemo Outdoor Installation Mobile Driver Installation Computer Requirements PC (IBM/Lenovo Thinkpad or Dell recommended) with Windows ® XP Professional or Windows ® Vista Pentium III processor, minimum 1GHz, preferably 1. 7 GHz for single mobile measurements For multi data measurement s Intel ® Core Duo processor T2500 2. 00GHz recommended For voice quality measurements with USB sound card Intel ® Core Duo processor T2500 2. 0GHz or higher required 512MB RAM minimum, 1GB RAM recommended 100 MB of free hard disk space for installation and use; 1 GB recommended One parallel port or USB port for copy protection module (if applicable) Depending on the mobile used, one USB port or one to two serial ports per mobile Depending on the scanner used, one USB port or one serial port per scanner One serial port for each voice quality audio module One RS232 serial port or USB port for an external GPS receiver Display resolution 1024 x 768 with 256 colors, 1280 x 1024 recommended Internet Explorer 4. 0 or higher for viewing the help file Nemo Outdoor Installation Before the installation: Check the hardware Nemo Outdoor compliant test mobile (provided by Anite Finland Ltd) Connection cables for single system or multisystem GPS receiver Nemo Outdoor copy protection module for parallel port, USB or Software Protection Check the installed software Programs creating Virtual COM ports or Infrared ports may cause problems (e. g. , Nokia Data Suite) Use the latest Operating System updates Nemo Outdoor Installation Installation: You need to have local Administrator rights to install Nemo Outdoor and its optional hardware drivers (e. g. , PCMCIA drivers) Check the latest versions of Nemo software from our web pages at (www. anite. om/nemo)* Install any optional PCMCIA cards if needed Install drivers for the USB to serial converter if needed (Edgeport) Install drivers for the test mobiles if applicable Run the Nemo Outdoor Nemo Outdoor 5. exe file and follow the instructions *Need registration to Nemo User Club Nokia Driver Installation After installing Nemo Outdoor, the driver for the connectivity cable needs to be installed, and the dial-up connection created. Do not connect the USB connectivity cable to your PC until the driver installation is complete. After your computer has restarted, connect the connectivity cable to the mobile and the other end to the computer’s USB port. Windows will detect the new hardware automatically and start the installation. The step is repeated several times until all new hardware is added. After installation you should see several devices under communication devices depending on the test terminal connected Check the modem port numbers, as you will need this information later on. Instructions on how to make a dial-up connection, read the Dial-Up Networking Setup Guide. Nokia Driver Installation After the hardware is installed, go to Modems. Select one of the modems. Then select Properties/ Advanced. Type †atz† to the Extra Initialization Ccmmands field. By using the †atz† command,the QoS settings used by Nemo Outdoor will be used. You need to define this command at least for the modem that will be used with the dialup connection. Sierra AirCard Driver Installation The driver for the AirCard needs to be installed. After installation you should see several devices under communication devices depending on the test terminal connected Select Phone and TM7200 Compatible from the list. Click Next. In Phone Properties Window, set: Trace Port = Sierra Wireless DM Port, Modem, Port = Sierra Wireless AT Command Port, Dial-up connection = Click the OK button. Garmin Oregon 300 Driver Installation The driver for the Garmin Oregon 300 needs to be installed using Spanner software. After installation you should see the program pop up. Plug in the GPS and click on the Find GPS button Then configure the Virtual Serial Ports for used with Nemo Outdoor. Nemo Outdoor Configuration Configuring Nemo Outdoor Adding devices Phone properties Mobile Measurement properties Scanner properties GPS properties Workspace and Device configuration files Configuring Nemo Outdoor There are three ways to configure Nemo Outdoor: The Welcome page offers an easy start-up of the system An older user may want to use the Load Device Configuration dialog box It is also possible to configure Nemo Outdoor manually Configuring Nemo Outdoor through Welcome page The Nemo Outdoor Welcome page offers an easy way to configure the system for a first-time user, and also helps more advanced users to add new devices. With the Automatic device detection functionality in the Create New Device Configuration tool, you can automatically add devices to Nemo Outdoor without needing to manually set up the system. In the Open a Device Configuration tool you can select saved device The Load a Measurement tool enables you to open a configurations previously viewed measurement with the attached devices for playback Adding Mobile Device If you want to configure Nemo Outdoor manually, close the Welcome page or Load Device Configuration dialog box when you start Nemo Outdoor. Connect all device components Check the settings of each port to which the component is connected Start Nemo Outdoor software Open: Configuration Manager, under Devices You can add ( ) and remove( ). Or select Measurement/ Add New Device All installed Handlers are listed here under Handler Information Phone Properties Phone Properties: The field at the top displays the device type and model. Below that field is a field displaying the current status of the device. The Label field allows you to give a label such as a comment or a name for the phone, and makes it easier to identify devices during measurement and post processing. Trace Port defines the port where the trace element of the mobile adapter cable is connected. Modem Port defines the port where the data element of the mobile adapter cable is connected. Packet Switched Dial-Up Connection list box gives a list of all the dial-up connections that have been configured on your computer Mobile Measurement Properties – General Network Name field can be used for stating the friendly name for the network (operator) that Nemo Outdoor is measuring. BTS File defines the base station file that will be displayed on the map. Advanced button opens up the Advanced Properties dialog where you can enable and disable various measurement options. Mobile Measurement Properties – Configuration By clicking on the Measurement Properties button in the Phone Properties/Scanner Properties dialog you will enter the Configuration tab in the Measurement Properties dialog Voice Number defines the phone number to which voice calls will be made. Data Number defines the phone number to which data calls will be made. Video Number defines the phone number to which video calls will be made. PDP Context Properties/Packet Call Properties button opens the PDP Context Settings dialog. Data Protocol Properties defines which data protocol is used to perform packet transfers. POC Testing Properties button opens the POC Session Properties dialog. SMS Testing Properties button opens the SMS Testing dialog. MMS Testing Properties button opens the PDP Context Settings dialog. Mobile Measurement Properties – Notifications The table displays a list of notifications that can be activated for the selected device. Select the notification from the list and select how you would like to be notified. Mobile Measurement Properties – Notifications User-selectable call trigger points According to Nemo call events According to ETSI Selected option is used e. g. when running the script files Mobile Measurement Properties – Notifications To make user-configurable notifications: Open the Notifications dialog (Configuration Manager, Notifications, click on properties) and click Add. In the Notification Criteria dialog, define the notification criteria and click OK. In the Notifications dialog, select the notification that you just created. Define sound and bitmap files for the notification and activate them by selecting the check boxes in the notifications table. Click OK to save the settings. Mobile Measurement Properties – Script Script File is used to configure Nemo Outdoor to generate test calls according to a user-defined script. You can select an existing file or you can also create a new script file or edit the existing one by clicking the Edit button. Click the Script Editor button to access the Script Editor for editing and creating scripts. Mobile Measurement Properties – Script Editor The field in the middle shows a list of all the functions and parameters that will be executed during a measurement. You can choose any of the items in the list that opens when you click the Add button. The selected item will be added to the script. Modify can be used to edit an existing script. Repeat Script value defines how many times the script will be repeated during the measurements. The range of repeat script values is from 1 to 10,000. Save the file with the existing name or if the script is a new one, opens a dialog box for inserting the file name. Save As opens a dialog box for inserting a new file name. Close exits the dialog box. Scanning Measurements Nemo Outdoor Frequency Scan mode is designed for frequency planning of an existing digital network, for example, for tuning and interference measurement purposes. Adding Scanner Device The Device information field displays the device type and model. In the Label field you can define a suitable label for the device. Port refers to the port to which the scanner is connected. Baud Rate refers to the communication speed. Antenna Gain and Cable Loss are antenna-related parameters and they are used in the conversion from dBm to dBuV/m by some radio network planning tools. CDMA Scanner Measurement Properties – General Support for new chip window searches with PCTel EV-DO scanner – Pilot window search Standard Very wide Wide Aggregate Ec/Io-Standard Window Search Mode: All Ec/Io values at or above the PN Threshold for a given PNoffset i. e pilot number (inside the search window selected) are summed and returned in the Aggregate Ec/Io field. Wide or Very Wide Window Search Mode: Measured in 64 chips size window centered around Peak Ec/Io with regard to user requested PN threshold Scanner Measurement Properties General Support for GSM SI and UMTS SIB message decoding with Anritsu and PcTel EX scanners – By selecting System Information decoding, L3 messages are written to log file – By selecting SIB decoding, SIB messages are written to log file – By selecting neighbor list decoding NLIST event is written to log file for both GSM and WCDMA – By selecting missing neighbor detection, missing neighbor information is written to log file (NMISS event). Missing neighbor information can be seen e. g. on table grid UMTS Scanner Measurement Properties General In UMTS systems, different parameters in the scanner dialog box will be activated when operating in frequency scanning mode (also known as CW mode) or in pilot scanning mode. Measurement Mode defines whether frequency scanning or pilot scanning is used. Network Name field can be used for stating the friendly name for the network (operator) that Nemo Outdoor is measuring. Advanced button opens up the Advanced Properties dialog box. Channel Configuration button will open either the Channel Configuration dialog box or the Select Channels dialog box. Measurement Period defines the time in milliseconds for which the scanner measures and then reports the result. UMTS Channel Configuration Frequency Scanning Mode Nemo Outdoor Frequency Scan mode is designed for basic frequency domain monitoring or spectrum analysis. The scanning receiver can be used in variable bandwidth modes to check the existence of wanted or unwanted radio signals in the defined frequency band. By using this mode, all the user-selected carrier frequencies of the current wireless system and their field strength values can be observed. To add channels to the Selected list, click on a number in the Available list and then click the Add button or simply double-click a channel to add it to the Selected list. To remove channels from the Selected list, click on the channel you want to remove and then click the Remove button or double-click the channel. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode Frequency Channels table provides a list of channels that have been selected for scanning. Scrambling Codes table provides a list of pilots for the selected channels that have been selected for scanning. TOP-N Mode check box enables/disables TOP-N pilot scanning. If enabled, scanner will report results from N best scrambling codes. To improve on the accuracy of radio propagation models, High Speed mode makes it possible to acquire more samples (max 32 pilots per channel), while High Dynamic mode offers fewer samples (max 16 pilots per channel) with a larger dynamic range. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode Data processing method defines how the scanned data is processed by the scanner. In aggregate method, the sum of all peak pilot Ec/Io values above the PN threshold is calculated. If there are no peaks above the PN threshold, value -30 dB is returned for WCDMA. CPICH Ec/N0 threshold defines the power that is included to find delay spread. Number of fingers defines the maximum number of fingers used for RAKE in measurement. Rake threshold determines a valid path (in dB). Pilot sampling ratio option is available for WCDMA pilot scanning mode and for PCTEL EX scanners only. The available options are 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8. With ratio 1:1 all samples (Pilotscan events) are logged, with ratio 1:2 every second sample is logged etc etc. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode Delay profile defines from which scrambling code or channel the delay profile is measured. Timeslot Scan checkbox enables or disables timeslot scanning. Delay Profile and Pilot Number define from which pilot the delay profile is measured. P-SCH defines if the selected scanner will measure the P-SCH Ec/N0 value for each pilot. S-SCH defines if the selected scanner will measure the S-SCH Ec/N0 value for each pilot. Time of Arrival defines if the selected scanner will measure the time of arrival for each pilot. Delay Spread Measurement defines if the selected scanner will also measure the delay spread value (in chips) for each scanned pilot. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode SIR (signal to interference ratio) defines if the selected scanner will measure the SIR value for each pilot. Finger check box enables and disables Finger measurements. SIB decoding option is available for Anritsu and PCTEL EX scanners. When the Neighbor list decoding option is selected, the NLIST (neighbor list) event is written in the log file. When the Missing neighbor detection option is selected, the missing neighbor information event (NMISS) is written in the log file. Uplink interference check box enables and disables uplink interference decoding for the scanner. Available for scanners that support BCH demodulation. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode In the TOP-N Search Configuration page you can limit the search performed by the scanner and consequently speed up the search. (Note that the PCTEL EX WCDMA scanner only supports the TOP-N mode. You can select up to 32 pilots for scanning. ) Group specifies the group number for the primary scrambling code in the range of 0 to 63. Cell specifies the cell number for the primary scrambling code in the range of 0 to 7. Secondary code specifies the secondary scrambling code. Limit range should be set from 0 to 0. Channelization code specifies the channelization code. Search method defines how the search is performed. P-CPICH (primary common pilot channel) searches with P-CPICH. SCH performs a three-step search with P-SCH and S-SCH. GSM Scanner Measurement Properties General Network name field can be used for stating the friendly name for the network (operator) that Nemo Outdoor is measuring. Channel style defines the style of the measured channel. For GSM the options are 200 kHz and 30 kHz narrow. Channel configuration is to access the dialog box where you select the channels that will be scanned. Sample size defines the number of samples taken from each channel before a measurement result is written to file. BSIC decoding check box should be selected to display BSIC value in the Frequency Scanner window. BSIC threshold defines the minimum BSIC level that the scanner reports. BCCH C/I check box activates C/I measurements for the BCCH channel. (This option is available with the PcTel GSM scanner only. ) GSM Scanner Measurement Properties General Cell information decoding. Mobile Network Code, Mobile Country Code and Cell ID information can be decoded from BCCH messages. (Note that this is only enabled in online mode and if the option has been purchased with the scanner. ) When the System information decoding option is selected, L3 messages are written in the log file. Data mode defines the type of measurement data computed from each sample. Note that the available selection depends on the scanner type. RX Level Average: the data reported is the average RX level, in dB, of the number of samples. ) Adding GPS Device In the Label field you can define a label for the GPS device, for example, a name or a usage purpose, making it easier to identify devices during measurement and post proces sing. Serial Port refers to the port to which the GPS receiver is connected. Baud Rate refers to the communication speed. The available values are 1200, 2400, 4800, and 9600. Data Bits, Parity, and Stop Bits are communication-related parameters. (These values should be set as the same in your GPS. Check your GPS receiver documentation. ) Workspace and Device Configuration Files All settings change to Devices and Workspace can be saved and reuse. With the settings saved, you do not need to reconfigure the Measurement devices the next time Nemo Outdoor is started up. The Devices settings is saved as . hwcx The Workspace settings is saved as . worx Introduction to the Graphical User Interface Main window Device information window Output, Script and Status Bar Toolbar Graphs Grids User Interface properties Custom window Maps Main Window The windows in Nemo Outdoor are highly user configurable. Different network parameters and events can be viewed as line graphs, bars, and dots. To make the measuring process easier for first-time users, Nemo Outdoor offers some ready-made custom windows that include some essential windows for specific types of measuring. The users are also able to make their own custom windows and save them for later use. The Output, Device Info, and Script Status windows can be hidden automatically so that they only slide out in view when you move the mouse cursor on top of the tab labelling the hidden window. Device information window The Devices information window displays some device-specific information. The field at the top of the window displays the device status. The green light at the upper right corner is blinking whenever the device is active and connected. The Expand Device Info Window button displays/hides the window. The Notification button displays the notification properties. The Device Command button control how the UE response. The Device Setting button let you change all the settings for the device. Output, Script and Status Bar The status bar at the bottom of the Nemo Outdoor window gives you variable information depending on the operations you are performing. There is also a time slider which you can use to jump into certain points in the measurement. The Output window displays program messages and textual notifications. Icons next to the timestamps clarify the type of message or notification in question. From the Script Status window you can follow the progress of the script file used in the current measurement. Toolbar The buttons on the Toolbar is a shortcut for quick access to common functions for use in Nemo Outdoor Graphs Grids There are two types of graphs: line and bar. There are some premade custom windows of each graph type that offer easy access to relevant network parameters. Support for numeric data labels in the bar graph Graphs Grids There are three types of grids: Events, Parameters and Table. The grid tables offer you useful information about measurement events, such as statistics from the current measurement, QoS parameters, and Layer messages (the selection depends on the technology measured). Graphs Grids Within the grid tables, there is a filter function that help user to quick search relevant information within the messages. Graphs Grids To make grids more clear, you can colorize certain events in a grid based on the event name or event ID. Right-click on a grid, and select Configure Colors from the popup menu. If you want to colorize the background, select Call events (Event name) in the Background Color Set field and select (none) in the Text Color Set field. Alternatively, if you want to colorize only the text in the grid, select Call Events (Event name) in the Text Color Set field from the drop-down menu and select (none) in the Background Color Set field. (Note that the contents of the Grid Color Configuration dialog box depend on which columns have been selected in the Grid Properties dialog box. ) Graphs Grids The User Parameters function allows you to specify parameters from layer messages that will be automatically decoded and the values displayed in the Device Info window or in graphs. Click the User Parameters button in the Grid Properties dialog to access the User Parameters dialog. Graphs Grids Within the Message event, you are also able to export selective messages to text file either by their header or the decoded messages text. Decoded text Text User Interface Properties The user interface (UI) of Nemo Outdoor is very flexible so that you can configure the windows and graphs to serve your needs. User Interface Properties Workbook Data window area (red) Parameters can be dragged and dropped to data windows Control window areas (blue) Data and control windows cannot be mixed. For example, the Parameter tree window cannot be added to the data window area User Interface Properties Workbook Windows can be moved/ adjusted by dragging and dropping Control windows can be also moved and adjusted User Interface Properties Workbook Control windows can be also moved and adjusted. Both parameter and device info windows are shown in the same window In the example parameter tree and device info window are merged and view can be changed by clicking tab buttons User Interface Graphs Graphs Filled area graph type Support for horizontal bar graphs Automatic default zoom for bar graph windows Notifications for 2G/3G cell re. Only those Packet Timeslot reconfigure messages are shown having MCS-9 coding User Interface Properties Workbook The following settings can be exported/ imported: Call scripts Color sets (e. g. Between Nemo Analyze/ Nemo Outdoor) Custom views (custom windows) Device configuration (Note: port settings can be different between computers) Notifications Workspaces User Interface Properties General Buffer Size specifies the number of events stored in the history buffer of the user interface. Save workspace settings on exit option defines whether the workspace settings are saved when you exit the SW. Start recording automatically check box enables Nemo Outdoor to start recording automatically at startup. Show report check box should be selected to display a summary of all test calls after the measurement is ended. Show Pause dialog check box should be selected to display a message when the measurement has been paused. Show a dialog for critical errors check box should be selected to display a message box when there is a problem. Open Script Status window check box should be selected to automatically open the Script Status window when used in measurements. Play audio quality samples check box should be selected to play the audio samples used in audio quality measurements. When the Show welcome window item is selected, the Welcome to Nemo Outdoor window is displayed. Show ‘Stop Recording Query’ dialog item selected, a dialog box will appears at the end of the measurement. User Interface Properties – Measurement Filename defines the filename format. The default format is %y%b%d %H%M%S (year-month-day hours-minutesseconds. With Start scripts automatically option, you can order Nemo Outdoor to start executing the script file when you click the Start Recording button in the main window. Force idle mode when stopping scripts option forces the measurement mobile to return to idle mode if the script is interrupted. Stop measurement after script is finished option forces Nemo Outdoor to stop recording after the script is finished. Use time from GPS option orders Nemo Outdoor to use GPS time at the start of the measurement. Wait for GPS fix before starting measurement option forces Nemo Outdoor to start measuring only after there is a GPS fix. Redial after dropped call option enables Nemo Outdoor to make a new call if a call is dropped during measurements. Remove all forcing functions when device is started option deactivates all forcing functions from the device when the device is started. User Interface Properties Paths In the Paths tab you can define locations for different files. In the picture above, you can see the default values. To change the default paths, click on the †¦ button and browse for a new location. User Interface Properties Presentation In the Presentation tab you can define the format in which various parameter values are presented. User Interface Properties Color In the Colors page you can define colors used for devices, graph lines, and map routes. The first eight colors are reserved for devices. The other colors are used to draw graph lines and map routes. To make new palettes, click the New button, type a name for the new palette, and define all the colors. To change the palette, select a palette from the Color palette list. Custom Windows The custom windows are grouped under the corresponding graph and grid types. You can also browse for the existing custom windows through the Open Custom Window dialog box. You can also save your own custom windows. When you have set up a graph view that you would like to use later on, activate the window that you would like to save and select Data | Save as Custom Window. Maps If you have a GPS receiver connected to the test system, the current location of the test vehicle will be displayed on the map. You can observe the values of certain network parameters from the route coloring on the map. You can define which color refers to which parameter value. This way it is easy to spot the problem areas on a map. Maps User Interface I Possibility to measure distance between multiple points with measurement distance tool in map. Total distance shown Possible to draw circle Support for displaying any textual parameters with route line in Map window Maps User Interface II Support for drawing lines to missing neighbor cells in the Map window – Line thickness and color can be selected by user Support for exporting/importing route plans Route plan waypoints should be connected with an arrow instead of a line to indicate correct driving direction Support for cell range information in the BTS file Maps – User interface III Support for TAB-separated BTS files Support for device labels in the map window route lines Indoor map window have layer and color legend panes Maps – BTS I With BTS file support, you will be able to import Nemo BTS File onto Nemo Outdoor and show it direct to the Map. Nemo Outdoor can also link up the active and monitored cells via line drawn to the BTS displayed In the Layer view in the map side panel, click on Add BTS File, or right-click on the measurement layer and select Add BTS File. Right-click on the measurement layer in the map side panel again, and select Properties | Base stations. Select the Draw line to active base station, and Draw line(s) to neighbor cell(s) check boxes. Maps – BTS II Support for BTS icon coloring with color set Cell search in map window based on BTS parameters Color set for RRC State Support for Google earth maps. The following information can be exported: Route with certain parameter Notifications Cell site information Maps – MapX properties These settings can be saved in a MapInfo Geoset file by clicking the Save Map button in the Map window. To later open the . gst file, click the Open Map button, select MapInfo Geoset file in the Files of Type listbox, and select a file from the list. If you are using MapInfo ® maps, you can define the appearance of the map even further by clicking the MapX Properties button in the Map Configuration dialog box. In the Layers tab the table shows a list of the current layers. Maps – Color set Editor You can access the Color Set Editor by clicking the Edit Color Set button in the Route Properties | Color dialog. With the Color Set Editor you can define and name color sets to be used in maps and grids. In the Color Set Editor dialog you will see a list of all existing color sets. You can sort the color sets by selecting the type (Type field). You can also search for a color set by its name (Name field). To edit an existing color set, double-click on the color set. Maps Exporting data to MapInfo format User can drag and drop parameters from parameters tree to event window After selecting all parameters conversion can be started from menu Save/ Mapinfo tab file User can highlight all events or only specific events Different symbols can be selected for each parameter Nemo Outdoor generates . DAT, . ID, . MAP and . TAB files Files can be opened with MapInfo application Indoor files are not supported at the moment Exporting supported with single file at the moment Maps – Google Map Support It is possible to export a map with measurement route, colors based on selected parameter, notifications, and base station information to Google Earth . kml file. (The Google Earth application needs to be installed for viewing the file. ) Click on the Export to Google Earth toolbar button in the map window. Maps – Indoor Nemo Outdoor has an indoor measurement option in which case Nemo Outdoor can be installed on a Tablet PC. Alternatively normal laptop can be used as well. As GPS receivers cannot be used indoors, the indoor option offers a marker function to store location data. Just click markers along the measurement route and the route will be drawn on the map. You can use floorplans as maps. Maps – Indoor Open a floorplan by selecting Data | Indoor | New and click the Open Map button. To view a route on the floorplan you must have a marker file (. mrk) attached to the measurement file (. nmf). To move the markers on the map, select a marker in the Markers | Index field, click on Move and select a new destination for the marker. Maps – Indoor You can import your own bitmap files to Nemo Outdoor and use them as maps. Click the Import Map button in the map toolbar or select Import Map from the popup menu. The Map Import Parameters dialog box is opened. In order for the map and route drawing to function correctly, you must define some map settings. Either define the dimensions in meters of the area visible on the map or define the GPS coordinates of the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the map area. Features of Nemo Outdoor Manual / Automated mode Channel Lock/ Scr. Code Lock Band Lock Cell Barring Timeslot Testing Missing Neighbor Detection Measurement list Data Measurement SMS/MMS Measurement Log File PlayBack Manual / Automated mode Manual mode is based on the user establishing a data transfer connection or making voice calls. This mode is useful, when user wants to make a single continuous data transfer session or a voice call to monitor the resource allocation and cell reselection performance. This mode requires the user to control phones with Nemo Outdoor. The user can also use the mobile keyboard to establish voice calls or data calls. In automated mode Script files can be used to automate testing. The Script file specifies how the phone will establish data connections or make phone calls, for example, the phone number to call, call duration, number of repetitions, and the delay between calls. The Script editor is used to generate the scripts. Manual Mode Under Manual Mode, you can control the functions of the UE by way of the Device command under the Device info panel. Under the Device Commands button, you will find the menu. The commands will be activated depending on the type of test mobile you are using. If your test mobile supports only voice calls, then only the first item is activated. Automated mode Under the Script item you will find premade scripts and user-defined scripts. Scripts can be used to perform measurements automatically instead of erforming manual calls or data transfers. Double-click any of the scripts under the Scripts item to open the Script Editor dialog box. In order to select a script file to be used in a measurement, click the Device Settings button in the Device View window and select Script Properties. Automated mode – Synchronize Script Repeat Useful with multi configurations e. g. when benchmarking different networks. Option can be selected from Configuration Manager/ Measurement. All mobiles start new data transfer or voice call always simultaneously. Number of data transfers attempts or call attempts etc. are equal - statistics results are easy to compare. Automated mode – Without Synchronize Script Repeat Without script Repeat Synchronized, all mobiles will start new data transfer or voice call after the failure. Automated mode – Time-based loop wait commands Support for time-based loop and wait commands in the scripts Loops can be repeated until user defined time or wait till certain time Channel Lock/ Scr. Code Lock You can lock GSM and UMTS test mobiles to a channel and/or scrambling code during the measurement process. Note that even though you are locking the mobile to a certain channel in idle mode, you are actually locking the mobile only to the base station supporting that channel at that moment if you make a call. As the base station can carry several channels simultaneously, the connection can be established or handed over to another channel but not to another base station. In other words, the channel used cannot be totally controlled by the mobile as the system will assign the channel. Band Lock You can use band locking if you want to compare how the network functions with different bands and systems. Using the Band Locking dialog box, you can force the mobile to use only one band or system at a time. You can open the Band Locking dialog box by clicking the Device Settings button and choosing Band Lock from the menu. Cell Barring With the Nemo Outdoor measurement mobiles you can also access barred cells. During the measurement you can select if you wish to access only those cells that are accessible to all end users (Accept), all cells; that is, also cells that are barred (Ignore), and only barred cells (Reverse). The Cell Barring dialog box is accessed by clicking the Device Settings button in the Device Info window of the appropriate mobile and selecting Cell Barring. You can also select Measurement | | Cell Barring. Time Slot Testing With Nemo Outdoor it is possible to test the time slots of any particular channel. After the test has been completed, Nemo Outdoor generates a . tst file with the test results in the Nemo ToolsNemo Outdoor folder. Select Measurement | | Timeslot Testing and the Timeslot Test Configuration dialog box is opened. Phone Number defines the test call number. This must be a valid number. Run Test Until Completed option keeps the test running until all the timeslots have been tested. (Note that if you select the Run Test Until Completed option, the test may continue indefinitely. Click the Stop Testing button to interrupt the timeslot test. ) In the Channel Settings | BCCH channel you define the Channel (BCCH) that you want to test. Timeslots used by BCCH refers to the timeslots that are used for system messaging and therefore cannot be accessed with mobiles. Time Slot Testing On the Test results page you can view the progress of the test. Selecting timeslots will exclude them from the test. Green color indicates channels and their timeslots that have been called, and the number in the slot the number of calls made in that timeslot. In the table you can see a list of all the TCHs of the selected channel and their timeslots. There is a yellow frame around the timeslot that was accessed during the previous call. Those white timeslots that were not tested will turn red. This happens, for example, if the user stops the testing. The Number of Call Attempts field tells how many calls have been made so far. Click the Stop testing button to interrupt the timeslot test. Cell Test Feature for GSM/UMTS Also called †sleeping cell detection†. UE is automatically locked to neighboring cells and the test call is made. Useful also in high traffic areas as surrounding cells can be tested from one location Test cases: Voice call, packet call or both Adjustable RX level and Ec/N0 thresholds Results can be stored in a file Test results seen also in the UI C/I values for Hopping channels Support for C/I and RX level values per GSM hopping channel with Qualcomm Support for C/I value per GPRS timeslot with Qualcomm Missing Neighbor Detection With Nemo Outdoor you can perform real-time missing neighbor detection. For this you will need a GSM/UMTS scanner or a GSM/UMTS scanner and a GSM/UMTS mobile. If you are performing missing neighbor detection with a scanner only, the scanner needs either of the following options enabled: GSM Layer 3 or GSM/WCDMA decoding. ) A scanner scans all possible pilots whereas a mobile scans only channels that are on its neighbor list. Nemo Outdoor compares these two measurements and, based on the dat a, reports the neighbor channels that are seen by the scanner but are not in the mobiles neighbor list. From Measurement | , select Missing Neighbor to open the following dialog box. The field displays the scanner(s) used. Click Enable to start the missing neighbor detection. Scanning and HO Forcing Functions GSM scanning ARFCN BSIC RX level WCDMA scanning (pilot) UARFCN Scrambling code CPICH Ec/N0 CPICH RSCP I Frequency Scanning Sample Rates WCDMA scanning: 2100 band, 4 carriers ~16 sec. (max 240 ms / detected cell) GSM scanning: 900+1800 band, all channels 4min 30 sec (with BSIC detection), 29 sec (without BSIC detection) Suitable for stationary or low velocity scanning Scanning and HO Forcing Functions HO forcing 2G- 2G, 3G- 3G BCCH/ ARFCN must be defined UARFCN and Scr. Code must be defined II UE makes single HO to specified cell, returns back to the original cell Measurement list Measurement lists enable you to run automated measurements with several devices combining multiple scripts. You can use measurement lists with just one device to run several scripts one after another. Each measurement is recorded in a separate file. You can also use measurement lists in idle mode. Scheduled measurements displays a list of measurements that will be run when the measurement list is started. More Filename defines the filename format. The default format is %y%b%d %H%M%S Measurement completion defines when the measurement list is finished. More Devices table displays a list of devices connected to Nemo Outdoor. Script file defines the script file used in the measurement. Click the Script Editor button to edit the selected script. Properties opens the Measurement Properties Script dialog. Data Measurements With mobiles supporting CS and PS data you can make data transfers. In Nemo Outdoor, you have several options for making data transfers: you can use the FTP, HTTP, POP3, SMTP, WAP, Streaming, ICMP Ping or Iperf (TCP/UDP). The Nemo Outdoor Multi device enables multiple simultaneous data connections. Each data transfer needs to be set up and configured individually. Data Measurements – FTP Nemo Outdoor has an integrated FTP client, which can be used to measure data transfer rates between Nemo Outdoor and the FTP server. The server can be any standard FTP server. Current data throughput and transferred data size are reported during transfer. The FTP module supports firewall-friendly passive mode transfers. Normally when a data transfer is initialized, the server opens a new connection to the client and then data is transferred through this connection. Some firewalls may be configured to refuse any incoming connection requests, and in that case the data transfer would fail. With passive mode, the client always opens those new connections so the firewall does not block the connection. Data Measurements – FTP (Support for Multiple Simultaneous Data Transfers with one Device) I Possible to run multiple data transfers simultaneously with one device (within one PDP context). E. g. imultaneous DL/ UL or several DL data transfers Multiple simultaneously data testing can be done using script files Status of each data transfer is seen during measurement and playback Data Measurements – FTP (Support for Multiple Simultaneous Data Transfers with one Device) II Application rate is reported separately for each transfe rs including data transfer context ID RLC rate and PPP rate gives over all information on the total throughput over the network Data Measurements – HTTP The HTTP testing functionality offers the possibility to test how data is transferred through the HTTP protocol. Data Measurements POP3/SMTP POP3 and SMTP testing offers the possibility to send emails through Nemo Outdoor and to monitor how the message is transferred. POP3 protocol is used for receiving emails and SMTP protocol for sending emails. Data Measurements – WAP The WAP testing functionality offers the possibility to test how data is transferred through the WAP protocol. Data Measurements – Streaming Quality The Streaming testing functionality offers the possibility to test how data is transferred through the streaming. To make video streaming quality measurements, IP packet capturing must be enabled. Data Measurements – ICMP Ping I The ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Ping functionality allows you to perform ping measurements simultaneously with data transfers. Data Measurements – ICMP Ping II Ping rate configuration in milliseconds instead of seconds Delay between request: Protocol always waits reply before sending new request. If delay is less than ping delay new request is sent immediately after reply Delay from reply to request: New ping is sent after reply is received Example: RTT time is 100ms and â€Å"delay from reply to request† is set to 1 s. New request is sent every 1. 1s (100ms + 1000ms). If â€Å"delay between request† is selected new request is sent every 1000ms Example: RTT time is 100ms and â€Å"delay from reply to request† is set to 50ms. New request is sent every 150ms (100ms + 50ms). If â€Å"delay between request† is selected new request is sent every 100ms because protocol always wait reply before sending new request Data Measurements – Iperf (TCP/UDP) Iperf is a commonly used network testing tool that can create TCP and UDP data streams and measure the throughput of a network that is carrying them. SMS Measurements SMS testing allows you to monitor how text messages are transferred in the network. Open the SMS Testing dialog box by clicking the SMS Testing Properties button in the Measurement Properties, Configuration tab (Measurement | | Measurement Properties | Configuration tab). You can view from a grid window if the test message was delivered successfully. Open an event grid (Data | Events Grid | New). Open the Grid Properties dialog box (right-click on the grid and select Properties from the popup menu). Clear all selections and expand the GSM item. Clear all selections and select the Short Message Service item and click OK. The grid will now display only the selected SMS testing-related events. MMS Measurements MMS testing allows you to monitor how multimedia messages are transferred in the network. In addition to successfully sent/received MMS messages, also sending/receiving attempts and sending/receiving failures are recorded enabling statistical success rate calculations. Nemo Outdoor measures total MMS sending delay. Also separate delays from Attach, PDP context activation, logging to MMSC, and message sending/receiving are recorded. In order to be able to make MMS measurements, you will need to define some MMS-related settings in the PDP Context Settings dialog box. New Voice Quality Parameters I New Voice quality parameters – Audio quality speech activity – Audio quality mean delay – Audio quality min delay – Audio quality max delay – Audio quality standard deviation delay – Audio quality SNR – Audio quality insertion gain – Audio quality noise gain All parameters values are calculated over the length of the input files (received sample file) or difference between reference and degraded sample files New Voice Quality Parameters II Audio quality speech activity – Speech activity ratio of received sample in percentages (%) – P. 862 states that the speech activity in a test signal reference and degraded to be used with PESQ should be between 40% and 80%. A low speech activity could cause the PESQ score to be inaccurate. Although the typical speech activity for a test signal can vary depending on the language used in the signal Activity ratio ; 85% -; backround noise etc. Activity ratio ; 35% -; silent call or lost audio information – Muting of a signal typically occurs when an error concealment algorithm at a receiver has insufficient information to replace missing or corrupted data audio quality mean delay New Voice Quality Parameters III Delays measurements – Frame-by-frame delay is the delay measure used in calculating the PESQ quality score. Utterances are broken up into frames of 32 ms duration. Frames use a window function that gives greater weight to the central 16ms of each frame, and there is an overlap between successive frames of 50%. Effectively, therefore, each frame is 16ms long; this can be thought of as â€Å"sampling† the values every 16ms. PESQ calculates the delay in each frame, based on the nearest utterance. Because it models the processing used in PESQ, the frame-by-frame delay is the best way of tracking how delay varies during the signal. Delay changes are most likely to be caused by jitter (unwanted variation) buffer adaptation in VoIP telephony edge devices. This adaptations occur when there is a large change in the jitter on an IP network. As jitter on the VoIP network increases, the delay measured by PESQ Tools will typically increase as the jitter buffer grows in size. As the jitter decreases, the delay measured will typically decrease as the jitter buffer decreases in size. Figure 6 plots the frameby-frame delay for the same condition as shown in Figure 13. – Average values calculated over the length of the input files (received sample file) New Voice Quality Parameters IV Audio quality min delay – Min delay of received audio sample in milliseconds Audio quality max delay – Max delay of received audio sample in milliseconds Audio quality standard deviation delay – Standard deviation of delay of received audio sample in milliseconds – Typical values in range 0 to 0. 1 (0 to 100ms) (for a VoIP system with very bad jitter), but values can be larger New Voice Quality Parameters V Audio quality SNR – Audio quality Signal to Noise ratio of received sample – SNR measures the speech stream’s signal strength relative to background noise. (The relative loudness of speech to noise). The higher the signal to noise ratio, the better the possible listening quality. SNR is measured in decibels (dB). An SNR value of 20 dB can begin to impair conversational quality – Typical value 45dB. Range from 10 to 60dB – Value is shown as n/a with 4s sample -; requires longer sample file New Voice Quality Parameters VI Audio quality insertion gain – Gain calculated for active signal in active periods. dB difference between active signal of reference and degraded signals. (Calculated as of degraded minus of reference signal) – Typical value 0 (digital), -12 (analog) Audio quality noise gain – Gain calculated for noise in silent periods. B difference between mean noise level of reference and degraded signals (Calculated as of degraded minus of reference signal) Insertion / noise gain (dB) has typical range –20 dB to 20dB Typical value is –6dB New Video Streaming Quality Parameters I Available parameters: Video codec V ideo frame rate Video protocol Video quality degradation due to compression Video quality MOS Video quality MOS degradatation Video quality jitter Video quality packet error rate Video quality degradation due to packet errors Video quality type Video preview can be seen during the measurement Video Streaming Quality KPI Definitions Video codec: Displays the video codec used in the container format. Usually this is H. 263, H. 263+, H. 64 (MPEG4 Part 10) or MPEG4 Visual (MPEG4 Part 2) when streaming mobile content Video frame rate: Shows how many picture frames are being displayed within one second. The result is equivalent to FPS (frames per second), which is usually around 10 with mobile content. For example, when viewing a normal DVD, the FPS is 23. 976 with NTSC and 25 with PAL Video protocol: Shows which protocol is used to transfer the file through a network. This version of PVI is calibrated with RealPlayer and supports mostly RTP (Real Time Protocol). RDT streams can be pla ybacked, but diagnostics are not available. Streams with RDT protocol are displayed as Unknown/Not supported Video quality type: Type of video quality measurement used. With video streaming, this should always be Psytechnics PVI streaming qualityâ€Å" Video quality MOS: Video quality is measured passively from media streams carried over packet-based networks. Things that affect quality are delay variations, packet losses and other distortions which may be visible in the video. Also factors like the video codec itself are included in the final result. However, end-to-end and round-trip delays are not taken into account. Video quality is normally displayed as MOS (Mean Opinion Score), which is expressed as a single number. The range varies from 1 to 5, where 1 is poor/annoying quality and 5 is perfect. Usually MOS value does not reach value 5, but somewhere around 3-4 as the maximum Video quality jitter: Jitter is the delay variation of the streaming process. It shows the delay of received UDP datagrams that holds the video data. If the delay is too large, video will not play seamlessly Video quality packet error rate: Displays the rate of lost packets between the last and the current request. UDP protocol does not require that all packets have arrived to the client. That is why some packets might lost during the transfer, because of bad network or long delay variations (jitter) Video quality MOS degradation: This is the current video quality difference compared to a perfect network Video quality degradation due to packet errors: The current proportion of current quality degradation that is due to packet loss. Shows how much packet loss has affected to the current quality loss Video quality degradation due to compression: Proportion of current quality degradation that is due to video compression. Shows how much video compression has affected to the current quality loss Ending Measurements The measurement is being recorded when a REC text appears in the upper right corner of the main window. Follow these instructions to stop the measurement. If you are using a script to perform the measurement, you can either wait until the script file has been executed or interrupt the script either by selecting Measurement | Stop Script or by clicking the Stop button on the toolbar. If you are performing measurements manually, the measurement process is terminated either by selecting Measurement | Stop or by clicking the Stop button on the toolbar. In both alternatives, the Stop button on the toolbar will be inactivated and the Start Recording button activated. All the ongoing calls will be stopped and scanning will be terminated (Frequency Scan mode). Data transfers will be stopped, PDP context will be deactivated, and GPRS detach will be performed. Nemo Outdoor will display a report window with some call statistics. At this point, you can choose if you would like to save this file or delete it. You can also start a playback of this file. If you wish to exit Nemo Outdoor, select File | Exit or click the cross in the upper right corner of the Nemo Outdoor main window. Log File PlayBack Playback is a handy tool for doing a quick analysis of measurements. You can playback files anytime and anywhere immediately after the measurement has been finished or later on. When you open a file for playback, Nemo Outdoor will deactivate all connected devices. Nemo Outdoor will ask if you would like to save the current device. If you answer Yes, Nemo Outdoor will save the current configuration and reactivate the devices that you had connected before the playback when you close the playback file(s). Nemo File Format 2. 0 Support for Nemo file format 2. New redesigned file format. Not backwards compatible with file format 1. 88 Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 log files cannot be post processed with Nemo Analyze 5. 10 or 5. 11. Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 log files cannot be opened with Nemo Outdoor 4. x. The first Nemo Analyze version supporting the new file format version 2. 0 will be version 5. 12. The estimated time of release is the end of September 2008. Customers using third-party post-processing tools are kindly requested to contact the thirdparty tool vendor directly for further details. The file extension with all devices is always . nmf (. 1. nmf, . 2. nmf. .n. nmf) Parameter columns separated with comma †,† FAQ I Q: Can I use the Nemo Outdoor 4. x dongle or software license with the new Nemo Outdoor 5. 0? A: No you cannot. You need to upgrade your existing license for the new version. To do this, a valid technical support agreement is required Q: Can I use the Nemo Outdoor 5. x dongle or software license with the old Nemo Outdoor 4. x version? A:Yes you can, the Nemo Outdoor 5. x dongle is also compatible with the older version of Nemo Outdoor Q: Is it possible to upgrade the dongle remotely to support new Nemo Outdoor 5. 0? A: No it is not. Please contact Nemo Helpdesk for further instructions Q: Is it possible to upgrade the existing Nemo Outdoor 4. software license to support Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 as well? A: Yes it is. Please contact Nemo Helpdesk for further instructions Q: How can I continue measurements with Nemo Outdoor after the dongle has been sent for an upgrade? A: A temporary software licence which is valid for one month from the issue date can be used. Please contact Nemo Helpdesk f or further instructions Q: I do not have a valid maintenance agreement. Can I still get the upgrade free of charge? A: No, only customers having valid maintenance agreement are entitled to the free upgrade. Please contact Nemo sales (Nemo. [emailprotected] com) further details. FAQ II Q: What does it cost? A: You only need to cover the delivery costs to the closest Anite/Nemo office. There will be no other costs for the customers with a valid maintenance agreement Q: If I upgrade my operating system to Vista, can I still perform video streaming quality measurements? A: No, this is not possible at the moment. With XP this is still possible Q: If I upgrade my operating system to Vista can I still do IP packet capturing? A: No, this is not possible at the moment. With XP this is still possible Q: Is it possible to post process Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 log files with Nemo Analyze 5. 10 or 5. 11? A: No it is not. The required Nemo Analyze version is 5. 2, available in September 2008 Q: Can I playback Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 log files with Nemo Outdoor 4. x? A: No, this is not possible. Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 must be used for this purpose Q: I am using a third-party post processing tool. Who I should contact to get more information on the new file format support? A: Please contact the po st-processing tool vendor directly Q: Is it possible to have both Nemo Outdoor 4. x and Nemo Outdoor 5. x installed on the same computer? A: No, it is not possible. Only one of them can run on a computer at a time Q: Are script files compatible between Nemo Outdoor 4. x and Nemo Outdoor 5. 0? A: No, they are not. New script files must be created Technical Support Americas Tel. 1 469 951 9105 +1 469 774 4608 (En espanol e portugues) +1 972 929 9898 Global (Except Americas) Tel. + 358 50 395 7800 Fax. + 358 8 551 6182 Address: Anite Finland Ltd, Sepankatu 20, 90100 Oulu, Finland Singapore Tel. Fax. +65 6254 9003 +65 6254 9885 Fax. Address: Anite Telecoms Inc. 6225 N Hwy 161, Suite 425, Irving, TX 75038, USA China Tel. Fax. +86 106 567 8528 +86 106 567 8521 Address: China Office Room 2206, 22nd Floor, The Exchange Beijing, No. Yi 118, Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, China Address: Anite Singapore Pte. Ltd. 101 Thomson Road, #20-05, United Square Singapore 307591 Email: nemo. [emailprotected] com Internet: www. anite. com/nemo THANK YOU Jasen. [emailprotected] com